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Anatomy & Physiology

Administrative info:  
     Course expectations
     General procedures and expectations - signature copy
     Assignment format
     Attendance and tardiness
     Detention policy

Course syllabus

Grading policy
      Extension level class (APE)
     

Study skills

Text book  - Hole's Anatomy and Physiology -

       Hole's A&P web site - Student Center  (McGraw Hill publisher)

INTRODUCTION and TERMINOLOGY
          Characteristics of Life          (memory tricks for characteristics of life)
          Requirements of organisms
          Homeostasis
          Body organization and Anatomical terms
          Organ systems

INORGNIC CHEMISTRY
      Subatomic particles
        Isotopes
      Chemical bonds and reactions
        Electron distribution in molecules

BIOCHEMISTRY

Cells and cellular transports|
          Notes on cellular biology - see Biology 1 web page, section on the Cell
          Physiology examples of cellular biology functions at work
         
Diseases at the organelle level

          Cancer

TISSUE / HISTOLOGY
           Introductin, four types of tissue
           Epithelial tissue
                   Internet lab - epithelial tissue
                   Practical 1A   
http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/practical/epithelium/hp1-01.html
                   Practical 1B    http://www.lumen.luc.edu/lumen/MedEd/Histo/practical/epithelium/hp1-02.html 
        
Connective tissue   -   loose, adipose, reticular, dense, elastic
           Glandular epithelium

SKIN  /  INTEGUMENTARY SYSEM
          Types of membranes - serous, mucous, synovial, cutaneous
          Integumentary system / skin - epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer, disorders
          Accessory organs in the skin - hair follicles, nails, glands
          Regulation of body temperature
          Healing of wounds / cuts and burns

SKELETAL SYSTEM
          Bone function
          Bone structure
          Bone development and growth
          Factors affecting bone development and growth
          Skeletal organization
          Blood cell formation
         
Types of joints

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
          Conective tissue coverings of muscle
         
Structure of skeletal muscle
          Skeletal muscle contraction - animation (excellent learning and study aids!)
                                                          another animation
          Energy sources for muscle contraction
          Oxygen supply, oxygen debt and fatigue
          Rigor mortis
          Muscular responses and types of contractions
         
Fast and slow twitch muscles

          Smooth muscle and smooth muscle contraction
          Cardiac muscle
          Quadriceps femoris and hamstrings
          Cat dissection - muscle identification

NERVOUS SYSTEM and the BRAIN
          Introduction - basic structure and general functions
          Neuron structure
          Types of neurons and neuroglial cells
          Cell membrane potential
          Nerve impulse
                    Animation 1 (Harvard)        Animation 2 (McGraw Hill)
          The synapse and synaptic transmission
          Impulse processing
          Nerve pathways, reflex arcs
          Meninges
          Spinal Cord
          Brain
          Peripheral nervous system - somatic and autonomic 
          Autonomic nervous system - sympathetic and parasympathetic

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - structure, function, hormones, target organs

          General characteristics
          Chemistry of hormones
          Non-steroid hormone action
          Glands and hormones - pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas
          Other endocrine glands
          Stress
          How the endocrine system affects blood pressure

          Disorders of the endocrine system

BLOOD
          Blood function, volume and composition
          Characteristics of red blood cells and red blood cell count
          Types of white blood cells
          Destruction of red blood cells
          Red blood cell production and its control
          Dietary factors affecting red blood cell production
          Agglutination
          Student presentations

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM - heart, blood vessels, cardiac conduction system,
                                                               disorders, risk factors, blood pressure & flow
          Coverings of the heart
          Heart wall - heart wall layers
          Cardiac cycle
          Cardiac conduction system
          Electrocardiogram
          Regulation of the heart cycle
          Blood vessels - arteries, capillaries, veins
                    Eicosanoids                  Eicosanoid formation and disease severity
          Blood pressure - notes, review presentation, hypertension
          Student presentation notes - exchanges in capillaries, blood pressure, veins & venous circulation, pulmonary circuit

 

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM - body defenses against disease, types of immune cells

          Lymphatic system - introduction and function
         
Lymphatic pathways - capillaries, vessels, trunks & collecting ducts
          Lymph fluid and tissues - tissue & lymph formation, lymph function
          Lymph movement - lymph flow and obstruction
          Lymph nodes - structure, location & functions
          Thymus and spleen
          Nonspecific defenses - species resistance, mechanical & chemical barriers, fever & inflammation, phagocytosis
          Antibody and antigen
          Specific defenses - antigens and T and B cell production, lymphocytes, immunity
          Types of immunity - natural and artificially acquired, vaccines

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - function, organs, digestion, disorders

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
      Breathing mechanism
      Control of breathing
      Gas transport

URINARY SYSTEM

 

CANCER

     Notes on cancer
    (
tumors, metastasis, dedifferentiation, angiogenesis, treatment, cancer genetics, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, p53 gene, types of cancer, causes, risk/prevention)

     Mitosis - cellular reproduction

     Brachytherapy images - radioactive seeds implanted to treat prostate cancer